Culture and Criminal Justice - A Theory of Relational Justice

Abstract

Universality by nature is an aim of scientific understanding in any field of science, including criminology and criminal justice (Liu, 2016; Liu et al., 2020). A central scholarly aim has been to achieve a universal understanding of criminal justice systems, including their nature, its objectives, its various properties, and patterns of criminal justice systems’ behavior, and why they form and behaves in its ways. Throughout the history of studies on criminal justice, since the times of classical scholars, for example, Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) believed that criminal justice systems should be based on rationality, humanity, efficiency, and reason. These features of criminal justice systems were considered universally important for all mankind.